RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN MANUAL.
Extracts from Letters, &c., received by the Publishers.
From Rev H. Galphin, Principal of the High School at Eastville, Northampton County, Virginia.
My scholars have fallen in love with the American Manual and their improvement delightfully corresponds. If I do not mistake, it will be appreciated and introduced into Schools just in proportion as it becomes known. It ought to be in every family and in every library.
From Dr. J. Patrick, President of Madison College, Pa. The questions and marginal notes are of incalculable service to the pupil; while at the same time the author's exposition combines the utmost perspicuity, precision, and clearness, making very attractive the study of those great principles which are the soul of the charter of our liberties.
The effects of the extensive use of the American Manual must be to elevate our national character, by preparing the American boy to act the part of a sovereign citizen, either in the place of authority as an officer, or as a private individual; and the American girl for enunciating at the fireside the principles of true patriotism and virtue Baltimore Patriot.
The principles inculcated are sound, and tend to the improvement of the heart as well as the enlightenment of the mind Lutheran Observer, Baltimore.
This Manual of Mr. Burleigh's is, in our opinion, the most valuable school book that has issued from the prolific American press for many years. Its value is greatly increased by the fact that numerous questions are given in an unique marginal arrangement, by which the skill of the pupils is much exercised in mentally tracing the analogy of synonymy, thus rendering perfect their knowledge of the language. Gazette of the Union.
The conciseness and beauty of the style, the unequalled excellence of the marginal exercises in drawing out the mind, and thoroughly disciplining the mental powers, and training the pupils to reason with accuracy and precision, renders it in my opinion, the best school-book extant. I shall introduce it into the female seminary over which I preside, at the commencement of next session. D. R. ASHTON, Fifth street below Arch, Philadelphia.
I have examined the American Manual and heartily concur with Professor Ashton in regard to its merits, and shall introduce it into the French seminary over which I preside.
C. PICOT, No. 15 Washington Square.
I have critically examined the American Manual. Having taken much pains in ascertaining the true tenor of the republican institutions of my adopted country, I had previously read the leading authors on government with much satisfaction, but I have not met with any work, in any language, that so clearly, so concisely, and so beautifully conveys to the mind the principles of political science. The marginal exercises afford much invaluable assistance to the foreigner in acquiring a knowledge of the English language. The exercises also afford to the mental powers a similar discipline that is obtained in studying the ancient classics. A FREITAG, L.L.D.
Professor of German in St. Mary's College, Baltimore.
A text-book prepared by a man so distinguished for scholarship, experience, and success in teaching, as President Burleigh, cannot fail to secure universal favor. The general arrangement of the work is regular. The marginal exercises and questions placed at the foot of each page, greatly facilitate the labor both of the teacher and scholar, and serve to interest the mind of the latter, in the acquisition of knowledge. The appendix serves as a key to the whole work, which renders it complete. It is a book which, in my opinion, should be placed in the hands of every American citizen. ROBERT KERR, Principal of West. Female High School, Baltimore,
The arrangement of the book is such as greatly to facilitate the labor of instruction, and no candid mind can look over its pages without coming to the conclusion, that the work is the best of any yet published to promote among pupils generally an exact and thorough knowledge of the principles of republican government.
WM. M. CREERY, M. CONNOLLY, M. M'CONKY, E. ADAMS, R CONNOLLY, and many other principals of Public Schools in Baltimore.
From Professor Lewis W. Burnet. I have examined the American Manual, by President Bur-
leigh, and find it to be just the book that is wanted in our schools, and I may add, in every private library. While all proclaim that our existence, as a free nation, depends on the intelligence of the people, little comparatively is doing to reduce this idea to practice in our schools.
From Hon. L. G. Edwards, Pres. of the Bd. of Pub. School Commissioners for Norfolk Co. Va.
I consider the American Manual a desideratum which had not been before supplied, and respectfully recommend that it be used generally in every District Free School in this county.
At a meeting of the Controllers of Public Schools, First District of Pennsylvania, held at the Controllers' Chamber, on Tuesday, December 10th, 1850, the following resolution was adopted:
Resolved, That the American Manual, by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh, be introduced as a class-book into the Grammar Schools of this District. ROBERT J. HEMPHILL, Sec.
The American Manual, by Joseph B. Burleigh, L.L.D., has, by order of the Trustees, been introduced into the Public Schools of the City of Washington. C. A. DAVIS, Sec'y B. T. P. C.
From the Hon. B. Everett Smith. I doubt whether the ingenuity of man can ever devise a work better adapted to the purpose avowed by the author. I arose from the perusal of the American Manual, more deeply impressed than ever with my responsibility as a citizen, and with the absolute necessity of fostering sound virtue and political morality.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE. WASHINGTON, OCT. 1, 1850. This is to certify, that Joseph Bartlett Burleigh's Script Edition of the U. S. Constitution with the Amendments, has been carefully collated with the originals in the Archives of this Department, and proved to be accurate in the CAPITALS,
ORTHOGRAPHY, TEXT, and PUNCTUATION.
SECRETARY OF STATE.
CHIEF CLERK.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE. WASHINGTON, OCTOBER 3, 1850.
I have carefully compared Burleigh's Script Edition of the American Constitution and the Amendments appended, with the original manuscript and the twelve Amendments, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ADOPTION, and have found that it minutely delineates the original documents, with all their peculiarities.
It may be proper to add, that other Amendments have been proposed, but only the aforesaid twelve have been constitutionally ratified.
KEEPER OF THE ARCHIVES.
WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPT 30, 1850
I have critically compared Burleigh's Script Constitution of the United States, and all its Amendments, with the original documents deposited at the Department of State, and have found them in every respect alike, even to the minutest particular.
PROOF-READER IN THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE See the latter part of page 22 in the Introduction and also page 118.
SEE ALSO THE FIRST PAGE OF THIS LEAF.
THE
AMERICAN MANUAL;
OR,
THE THINKER, (PART III., COMPLETE IN ITSELF.)
CONTAINING
AN OUTLINE OF THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF GOVERNMENT; THE NATURE OF LIBERTY, THE LAW OF NATIONS, A CLEAR EXPLANATION OF THE
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES,
AND OF THE DUTIES OF VOTERS, JURORS, AND CIVIL MAGISTRATES; WITH
SYNONYMOUS WORDS APPLIED AND PRACTICALLY ILLUSTRATED
IN SENTENCES, AND THE CENSUS OF 1850.
THE WHOLE
ARRANGED ON A NEW AND ORIGINAL PLAN;
DESIGNED TO IMPART AN ACCURATE KNOWLEDGE OF OUR SOCIAL AND
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS; TO AROUSE THE MINDS OF YOUTH,
AND INCULCATE PURE AND NOBLE PRINCIPLES.
ADAPTED, AS A READER, OR TEXT-BOOK, TO THE WANTS
OF ADVANCED PUPILS; ALSO TO THE USE OF
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIBRARIES.
BY
JOSEPH BARTLETT BURLEIGH, LL.D.
PERMANENT STEREOTYPED EDITION.
PHILADELPHIA:
LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO & CO.,
No. 20 NORTH FOURTH STREET. 1854.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by JOSEPH BARTLETT BURLEIGH,
in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for
the District of Maryland.
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.
THE publishers commit this work to the practical teachers of the United States, believing that it will greatly assist them in the discharge of their important duties, and reflect the highest honor on their profession. The Author is a laborious practical teacher, of twenty years' experience; he has travelled extensively in every section of the Union, with a view to ascertain the true condition and the real wants of the schools of the country. He has also made many and important improvements in the system of instruction, and we think nothing is hazarded in the assertion that none understand the true character of the schools of the whole Union better, or are more ardently and zealously devoted to the cause of universal education.
The work seems to be imperatively demanded. It has received the highest commendation from all who have carefully examined it. Many politicians from the leading parties of the country, and some of the ablest divines from the prevailing denominations of Christians in the Union, have given it their heartiest approval.
It is intended, both by us and the Author, that it shall contain no sentiment that will in the least militate against the view's of any denomination of Christians, or that shall conflict with the political opinions of the patriotic citizens of any party in our land.
On every page are inculcated principles that will tend to make the mind purer, and the heart better. The spirit of the entire work is of the most patriotic character; it advocates the rights and the privileges of the people. It sets forth in vivid light their duties, and the necessity of the universal dissemination of sound education, and the purest principles of patriotism and morality.
The proper use of the marginal exercises cannot fail to give the pupil an accurate use of words and an extensive command of language. It must tend to render the Teacher's Profession delightful, because the plan, carried out, will always be attended with success, and enable him. at the close of each day, to see that labor has not been spent in vain.
1*
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EXTRACTS FROM RESOLUTIONS, LETTERS, &C., RESPECTING THE THINKER, THE LEGISLATIVE GUIDE, AND THE AMERICAN MANUAL.
At a meeting of the Controllers of Public Schools, First District of Pennsylvania, held on Tuesday Nov l1th 1851 the following resolution was adopted Resolved, That the "Thinker," by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh. be introduced as a class-book into the Public Schools of this District ROBERT J. HEMPHILL, Sec
At a meeting of the Board of School Commissioners for the city of Baltimore held on Tuesday, 10th February, 1852, the following resolution was unanimously adopted Resolved, That the "Thinker" by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh, L.L.D., be introduced as a class-hook into the Public Schools of Baltimore. J. W. TILYARD, Clerk Com. of Pub. Schools, Baltimore.
At a meeting of the Board of Public School Commissioners for the City of Baltimore, held on Tuesday, 10th February, 1852, the following resolution was unanimously adopted Resolved. That the "Practical Spelling Book ' by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh, L.L D., be introduced as a class book into the Public Schools of Baltimore.
J. W. TILYARD, Clerk Com. of Pub. Schools, Baltimore.
"The Practical Spelling Book" by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh. L.L.D., is happily calculated to teach the infant mind self reliance the want of which blights the prospect of so many youth. GEORGE S. GRAPE, WM. KERR, and many other principals of Public Schools in Baltimore.
The "Thinker" is one of the very best books that can be put into the hands of youth. Apart
from the morality which it inculcates, it cannot fail to secure a facility in the choice of words, a
command of language, and a familiarity with the construction and component parts of a sentence.
HIRAM JOHNSON, Prin. Pub. School No. 8, Baltimore.
From Ex Governor W. G. D. Worthington. I have examined "Burleigh's Legislative Guide." and find as its name implies, that it is indispensable for every legislator who desires to establish a uniform system of rules for conducting public business throughout the United States. In my humble judgment, every State Legislature will immediately adopt it as their standard as soon as the merits of the work can be known. W. G. D. WORTHINGTON
I am convinced that the "Legislative Guide" will prove a valuable text-book for collegiate students, and will use it as such at St. Timothy's Hall, believing that every young American ought to be acquainted with the routine of order appropriate to legislative assemblies. St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville, Md., Feb. 26, 1852. L. VAN BOHKELEN, Rector.
From Hon. J. C. Legrand, Ch. Justice, Court of Appeals, Md. The plan of the "Legislative Guide" enables the student or legislator to discover, with facility, the rule and reason for it, in each particular instance, and must, therefore, be of great value to legislative and other deliberative bodies. JNO. CARROLL LEGRAND
At a meeting of the Board of Public School Commissioners for the City of Baltimore, held on Tuesday, 10th February, 1852, the following resolution was unanimously adopted Resolved That the "American Manual" by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh, L.L.D., be introduced as a class book into the Public Schools of Baltimore. J. W. TILYARD, Clerk Com. Pub. Sch. Baltimore.
We the undersigned, Teachers of the Public Schools in the city of Steubenville, find, on trial, that Burleigh's "American Manual" is the best book with which we are acquainted for waking up the mind of youth for training them to understand what they read, for leading them to investigate and reason for themselves, and thoroughly fitting them for the duties of after life. The school, the infallible test of the merits of a class-book, proves that its proper use need only be witnessed to receive the approbation of every friend of thorough education. FRANCIS TURNER, M. A. WALKER, M. KIDDO, M. HULL, T. BROWN, M. ALLEN, WM. McCAY, I. B. BUTLER, E. KELL, M. ORR.
The "American Manual" cannot fail to command general favor. Baltimore Sun. From John B. Strange, A. M., and R. B. Tschudi, A. M., Principals of the Norfolk Academy, Va. We do not hesitate to pronounce it (the American Manual) one of the best school-books we have ever examined, not only as regards the matter, but also the manner of communicating it. The Manual is adapted to the capacity of the youngest, and must prove highly interesting and instructive to the older pupils.
From Prof. S. C. Atkinson. So far at my observation extends, no school book is so well calculated to enlarge and ennoble the mind of youth as the American Manual.
A lawyer by profession and a teacher from choice, Mr. Burleigh possesses at the same time a consciousness of what is needed and the ability to supply it Frankford Herald.
We, the undersigned, teachers in the Public Schools of Pittsburg, have used Burleigh's American Manual with great satisfaction and delight. The plan of the work is in ill respects judicious. The marginal exercises are a novel and original feature, and are arranged with great accuracy and discrimination. Their use not only excites the liveliest interest among the pupils, but produces great, salutary, and lasting effects, in arousing the mental powers, and leading the scholars constantly to investigate, reason, and judge for themselves. The Manual is elegantly written, and must have the effect to give a taste to what is pure and lofty in the English language. Signed by B. M. KERR, J. WHITTIER,
and twenty three other principals of Public Schools in Pennsylvania.
From the Fredericksburg, Va. Herald The American Manual possesses a kind of railroad facility in arousing the minds of youth, no one who is entrusted with the education of the rising generation should be ignorant of its contents, or a stranger to its thorough and efficient mode of imparting knowledge. It contains a condensed, lucid, exact and comprehensive view of our social and political institutions, and ought to be in every family.
From Hon. Wm. Roberts, President of the Bd. Pub. Sch. Com. of Princess Ann Co. Virginia I consider The American Manual the best book for training the young mind, in the earlier stages of its education, I have ever seen.
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CONTENTS.
LESSON I.
Design of the Work Marginal Exercises Explanation of their Use and Advantage Analyzation of Paragraphs Marginal words to be spelled and their varied Definitions, Synonyms, Roots &c. given Their Application in composing Simple Sentences Progress of the Pupil Pages 9-11.
LESSON II.
Definitions and Synonyms not found in the Margin to be given by the Scholar Pains must be taken to arouse Thought and Investigation Attention of a Class to be secured
Mode of putting Questions to accomplish this End explained Tact necessary m the Teacher Method of Reading most advantageous to the Scholar Pages 11-12.
LESSON III.
Marginal Exercises to be varied according to the Proficiency of the Pupils Necessity of distinct Articulation and correct Pronunciation The Instructor to commit Errors Purposely, in order that the Scholars may make Corrections Each Feature to be made a leading Subject, until well understood Anecdote of a Paris Rhetorician Necessity for the Scholar to comprehend what he reads
Paramount importance of the Reading Lesson Pages 12-14.
LESSON IV.
An oral or written Account of the Reading Lesson to be given by the Pupil from Memory Consequent Improvement of the Learner in Writing, Spelling, Application of Words, and Ease and Rapidity of Composition Attention of the Scholar thus riveted Habit of relating Incidents with Accuracy and Precision thus acquired Immeasurable benefit thereby accruing to all the Sons and Daughters of the Land Pages 14-15.
LESSON V.
Judgment of the Teacher to be used in simplifying, suppressing, or extending the Marginal Exercises, and in illustrating and varying the Lessons Local Prejudices to be thus overcome The same Plan will not suit every Part of the Union Extended application of the Marginal Words Suggestions Marginal Terms to be employed in the construction of Literary and Scientific Themes Nice shades of Distinction in the varied Use of the same Word pointed out by them Pages 15-17.
LESSON VI.
Errors to be corrected by the Pupils Easy Answers to be at first permitted Further directions Attractiveness of the System Necessity of cultivating the Moral Powers The young must rely upon themselves Prevention better than Cure Pages 17-19.
LESSON VII.
The Pupil's own Thoughts to be elicited Attributes of the Mind to be exercised Exer-
tion required in Educators Opposition to be met by them, then final Success Equal Benefit not derived by all from the same Book Thoroughness necessary m Reading Error sometimes printed Some Books to be shunned Reflections Appeal on behalf of proper Education The American Constitution Pages 19-21.
LESSON VIII.
Our principles of Action formed in early Life from the Books studied in School Extensive influence of Teachers on the Destiny of Mankind Their Labors often inadequately rewarded Plan of rigid Moral and Intellectual Training to be carried out Enthusiasm for Critical Study thereby excited Consequent Advantages to Society Pages 21-24.
LESSON IX.
Political Science in important Study Excellencies of the National Constitution Some knowledge of the Rise and Progress of the Science of Government necessary for all Origin of Government far reaching character of the Mosaic History Only reliable account of the Antediluvian World Momentous Events only related Paternal Authority the Source of Government Longevity of the Antediluvians Consequent early dense Population of the World Absolute Sway over Families formerly exercised by Fathers Blessings at present enjoyed by us Pages 24-29.
LESSON X.
Difference between Family Law and Law generally Imperfection of early Governments Prevalence of Licentiousness and Depravity Wickedness destroyed by the Almighty through a Deluge Reflections Age of the World Wise Laws enjoyed by but a small Portion of its Inhabitants Noah and his Sons commanded to replenish the Earth A Portion of Noah's Descendants regardless of the Almighty's commands, build the Tower of Babel to make themselves a Name Futility of their Scheme A Lesson for us Confusion of Languages Resolution of Society to its Primitive State Result of Man's painful and long continued Efforts Pages 29-34.
LESSON XI.
Early Governments not the result of Deliberation Influence and Dominion acquired in Primitive Times by Men noted for Strength, Bravery and Skill Nimrod founder of the first Empire Primeval Governments despotic Herodotus' account of the Election of the first Median king Dejoces Early Crowns often elective Circumscribed Dominions of the first Monarchs Kings consequently numerous Original divisions of Egypt, China, and Japan Similar examples now existing m Africa Rights of the Ruled disregarded as the power of Rulers increase Rule, at first delegated, usurped and made hereditary. Pages 34-40.
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8 CONTENTS.
LESSON XII.
Ceremonies of Marriage, regulation of Property, and punishment of Crimes, among the first Laws instituted Penal Laws, at first extremely severe Many Crimes punished with Death by the Mosaic Code Its tenderness of the Irrational Creation Is the Basis of our own Laws Publicity necessary to authentic Engagements Writing unknown, Laws transmitted to Posterity in oral Verse Executive power needed The early Ruler a Magistrate and Priest Land assigned to every Family Prohibition to remove Landmarks Title to land gained by cultivation Modern Changes in old Regulations Pages 40-47.
LESSON XIII.
Laws of some Sort have always governed the whole human Race Examples The Universe pervaded by Law All protected and restrained by it Condition of Society in which human Restrictions would not be needed impossible under present Circumstances Incorrectness of a common Assertion shown Non-existence of natural Liberty Human Laws defective and inadequate Those of God perfect in all Respects Even Americans are not governed by Laws of their own making Demonstration All are dependent Reflections An Appeal Pages 47-57.
LESSON XIV.
Man created for Civil Society Causes which bind Men together Each Individual should relinquish the claim of Maintaining and Redressing Personal Rights and Wrongs, to Authorities delegated by the Community The ablest Minds generally selected to establish Rules Security and Happiness afforded by Christian Commonwealths Law of Nations Based upon Christianity Not enforced by any Human Tribunal No Courts for adjusting National disputes Moral obligations disregarded by ancient Empires and Republics The fame of Rome tarnished by her Perfidy Superior Moral Character of Modern Nations Additional Remarks Pages 57-62.
LESSON XV.
Divisions of the Law of Nations Necessary Law of Nations defined Positive or International Law explained at large Application of the two Divisions contrasted Each Nation at liberty to legislate for itself, provided that by so doing it does not injure another A State breaking the Law of Nations liable to attack from all the Rest National rights of Navigation Passports National Agents Ambassadors Pages 63-68.
LESSON XVI.
Envoys Plenipotentiaries Ministers Nature of the distinction between Ambassadors Envoys, Plenipotentiaries, and Resident Ministers Charges d'Affaires Consuls Their Business War Its Formalities and Laws Declaration of The Tax payer a belligerent as well as the Soldier Difference between Offensive and Defensive War Dangers arising from Military Ambition and Renown Pages 68-72.
LESSON XVII.
Nature and Effect of a Blockade Truces and Armistices defined Consequences of a Declaration of W ar An Embargo Letters of
Marque and Reprisal Privateers Treaties Observations on the tendency of War Pages 72-76.
LESSON XVIII.
Origin of the American Constitution Recapitulation Early instances of Associations formed by the People of America for mutual Defence and Protection Congress of 1754 Difference between the objects of the Crown and those of its Members generally Plan of Limited Government drawn up by Franklin, rejected not only by the King, but by all the Colonies Reasons and Causes Indignation roused by the passage of the Stamp-Act Congress of 1765 Its Declaration of Rights Adopts an Address to the King, and a Petition to each House of Parliament Congress of 1774 First recommended by the People of Providence, Rhode Island Pages 76-82.
LESSON XIX.
The "Revolutionary Government," or "Continental Congress" Passes the Declaration of Rights, October 14th, 1774, and the Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1776 The separate nationality of the United States dates from the first, and the Constitution is based upon both Various prior forms of Colonial Government General Remarks Pages 82-86.
LESSON XX.
Declaration, of Rights Its reception, by the whole Country Commencement of Hostilities Pages 86-94.
LESSON XXI, Declaration of Independence Pages 94-102
LESSON XXII.
Sketch of a Confederation submitted by Dr. Franklin to Congress in 1775, not discussed Congress takes Measures to form a Constitutional plan of Union Confirms the Articles of Confederation, November 15th, 1777 They are sanctioned by all the States, the last one, Maryland, agreeing on the 1st of March, 1781 Congress assembles the next day under the new Powers The two Periods of the Continental Congress Its Powers gradually progressive Beginning of the Nationality of the Colonies, and rise of the General Government The Colonies known abroad as the "United States" Powers of Congress inadequate Amended and extended from time to time Pecuniary embarrassments of the Country on the return of Peace A Government of and from the People wanted Incompetency of the Articles of Confederation for managing National Affairs demonstrated to Madison, Hamilton, and Jay Washington in Retirement broods over the Distress of the Country, and disappointed Hopes First idea of a Revision of the Articles of Confederation stalled at Mount Vernon A Convention proposed by Virginia Held at Annapolis with but five States represented Recommends another to meet in Philadelphia Constitution of the United States framed by this Last Remarks Pages 102-109.
LESSON XXIII.
Violation of the essential Principles of rational liberty and English Common I aw, the immediate Cause of the Declaration of Independence Proceedings of Congress pending
CONTENTS. 9
it "Committee of the Whole" explained in full Extracts from the Journals of Congress of 1776 Committee of five appointed to prepare the Declaration By agreement each draws up a Form independent of the others Jefferson's first read in Committee, and adopted unanimously True Causes and Nature of the Revolution exhibited by the Declaration All the Excellencies of the English Constitution embodied in our own A Copy surpassing the Original The Revolution not without precedents The merit of our Ancestors is, that they transmitted to us the freedom obtained by their Bravery Critical position of the Signers of the Declaration Bribes offered to some of them by Emissaries of the Crown Their great Merit Americans of the present Day should be Friendly to their British brethren British Parliamentary Speeches in favor of American Revolutionary Liberty Exhortation Pages 109-118.
LESSONS XXIV XXV XXVI & XXVII. Constitution of the United States of America Pages 118-142.
LESSON XXVIII.
Articles in addition to and amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America Pages 112-148.
LESSON XXIX.
Commentary on the Constitution Derivation of the word "Constitution" The Constitutions of England and other Monarchies, depending upon immemorial Consent of the People, and long settled Usage, it is difficult for the Majority of the Ruled to understand them Advantages of our own in this Respect Derivation of the word "Preamble" Importance of the Preamble in elucidating the Principles of the Constitution Remarks Further Particulars Comments The "more perfect Union" The People must Read and Ponder every Sentence of the Constitution before they can sustain it Comparatively small number of Men and Women who have ever read the Constitution Number of false Oaths to sustain it annually taken by Office holders The Power and Glory of our Country sustained by its Teachers Pages 148-156.
LESSON XXX.
Commentary on the Preamble continued Importance of thorough Male and Female Education to Free Governments The "establishment of Justice" Comments The "ensurance of Domestic Tranquillity" Comments Pages 156-160.
LESSON XXXI.
Commentary on the Preamble concluded Provision for the "Common Defence" Remarks and Reflections Promotion of the "general Welfare" Remarks Securing of "the blessings of Liberty to ourselves and Posterity" General Observations Pages 180-167.
LESSON XXXII.
Commentary on the Constitution Legislative Department House of Representatives The more Popular Branch has the power of Impeachment Senate Check upon too hasty Action A Court for the trial of Impeachments Skilful distribution of Power Pages 167-173.
LESSON XXXIII.
Duties and Compensation of Members, and Powers of Congress generally Election Quorum Adjournment Pay Exemption from Arrest not a personal Privilege Freedom from being Questioned for Speech or Debate necessary Revenue Bills to emanate from the Lower House Veto Duties, &c , to be alike throughout the Country Congress to regulate Commerce Establish uniform Naturalization Can pass general Bankrupt Laws Is alone to coin Money and fix its Standard The Post Office and Mail Service Copy-rights and Patents Piracy Declaration and Conduct of War Navy Government of Land and Sea Forces Militia Paramount Authority requisite for the general Government Pages 173-182.
LESSON XXXIV.
Prohibitions upon the Powers of Congress and upon the States Migration or Importation of Persons Slave-trade Habeas Corpus Bills of Attainder Ex Post Facto Laws No Duty to be laid on Exports of any State No Preference to be given to Ports of any State No Vessel from one State bound to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another No Money to be drawn, but in consequence of Appropriations made by Law Exhibit of the State of Public Finances to be published from time to time No Titles of Nobility to be granted Office holders not allowed to accept Presents, &c. from Foreign Governments Rights of and Restrictions on the States Continental Money Nothing but Gold and Silver a legal Tender The States not to pass Bills of Attainder, Ex Post Facto Laws, and Laws impairing Contracts Not to grant Titles of Nobility In extremity can wage Defensive War Executive Department President Vice-President Remarks Rule for finding the Name of any Congress Actual mode of electing Executive Magistrates Pages 182-189.
LESSON XXXV.
Duties of the Presidential Electors Contingency of an Election by the House of Representatives provided for Way of Proceeding of the Electoral College Qualifications of President and Vice-President Salaries Oaths of Office Denunciation Warning Powers and Duties of the President Is Commander-in-Chief of the whole Military Force Can Reprieve and Pardon but not in Cases of Impeachment Has in connection with the Senate, the Treaty-making Power, and that of Appointment to Office Removes from Office without consulting the Senate An Argument Pages 189-195.
LESSON XXXVI.
Duties of the President, continued Is to give Congress information of the "State of the Union," and recommend Measures for the general Good Has Power to convene Congress Annual Message Special Messages Executive Patronage, Influence, Exemption from Arrest in Civil Cases, liability to Impeachment No Titles of any sort given by the Constitution Observations Judicial Department: Treason A Law-administering Tribunal needed Montesquieu No Liberty if the Judiciary is not separated from the Executive and Legislative Powers Duties of
10
CONTENTS.
the Judiciary Range of its Powers Judges How appointed Duration of their Term of Office Subject to removal only on Impeachment Supreme Court Its Jurisdiction, Original and Appellate, defined and described Trial by Jury Pages l95-202.
LESSON XXXVII.
Treason Its Nature Two Witnesses needed to Convict of it Effects of Attainder limited to the Life of the Offender Horrible ancient English Common Law punishment of Treason Its punishment here Public Records Privileges of Citizens Fugitive Criminals and Slaves Formation and Admission of new States Government of the Territories Amendments to the Constitution provided for Public Debt Supremacy of the Constitution and Laws Religious Test Oath of Office Ratification of the Constitution Remarks Pages 202-208.
LESSON XXXVIII.
Commentary on the Amendments No Religion to be established by Law Freedom of Speech and Liberty of the Press guaranteed Right of Petition confirmed to the People Militia Right of the People to keep and bear Arms not to be infringed Remarks on Standing Armies and Military Habits Additional observations In time of Peace Soldiers are not to be quartered in any House without the Owner's Consent Pages208-216.
LESSON XXXIX.
Houses of the People protected against unreasonable Searches Speedy trial guaranteed to those accused of Crime Life not to be twice jeoparded Other Privileges Jury trial extended to Civil Cases Manner of examining Causes once tried, prescribed Prohibition of excessive Bail and Fines, and. unusual punishment Rights enumerated do not affect those retained Reservation of Powers Prohibition additional upon the Powers of the Supreme Court Remarks Present Manner of electing the President and Vice-President shown by Article XII. Reason of the Change Duration of the Constitution General Reflections Washington's Farewell Address Extract from Bryant Pages 216-225.
LESSON XL.
Duties and Responsibilities of Voters Popular Phrases rendered obsolete by the peculiar Character of .our Institutions Subject considered at Length Reflections Pages 225-234.
LESSON XLI.
Subject continued Enlightenment necessary Ignorance in any Part detrimental to the Whole Apostrophe Rights of the Minority Party Virulence dangerous Admonition to Voters Pages 234-239.
LESSON XLII.
Duties and Responsibilities of Jurors Preparatory Mental Discipline an essential thing to a Juryman General Remarks Two kinds of Juries Grand Juries defined and explained Preliminary Oaths of their Foremen and Members Extent of their Jurisdiction One Member appointed Secretary, but no records kept Bills of Indictment supplied by the Attorney-General Secret examination of Witnesses Pages 239-245.
LESSON XLIII.
Subject .continued Vigilance and Caution required Presentments Further Explanations and Remarks Jury of Trials or Petit Jury The Oath Qualifications should be of an equally high order as those of a Grand Jury Definition Trial Public Evidence to be first given by the Plaintiff Cross-examination Challenged Questions decided upon by the Bench Speeches of Counsel Summing: up of Testimony by the Judge His Interpretation of the Law The Facts determined by the Jury Pages 245-252.
LESSON XLIV.
Subject continued Admonition Way of proceeding in plain Cases In intricate ones Common Law explained Contrast between ancient and modern Jury treatment Criminal prosecutions Surest preventive of Crime Privileges of the Accused Further Remarks Pages 252-260.
LESSON' XLV.
Disclaimer Danger to be apprehended Nothing stationary General Observations Pages 260-268.
LESSON XLVI.
Duties and Responsibilities of Civil Magistrates Term defined Improvement in the Condition of Society Extracts from Locke and others, on the Subjects treated of Accompanying extracts from early English Statutes Pages 268-276.
LESSON XLVII. Genera! Observations and Reflections Pages
276-282.
LESSONS XLVIII & XLIX. Concluding Remarks Pages 282-290-301.
STATISTICAL TABLES Page 323. APPENDIX Pages 1-54.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Pages 45-48.
INDEX
TO THE SYNONYMS, AND OTHER WORDS, EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED IN THE APPENDIX.
THE synonyms have no designatory character. U. signifies unlike; S., used in different senses; M., meaning; and Q., question, applied to words not properly belonging to any of the other divisions. The numbers are: first, the lesson; second, the question; third, the page in Appendix. Words twice given are twice elucidated.
Les. Q. P.
Abolish, }
Abrogate, } ................xv. 16, 18
Abhors detests............xlvi. 44, 42
Absence recess, U .........xxvi. 11, 28
Abuses wrongs, U .........xxi. 17, 24
Account history ...........xiii. 26, 14
Accurately correctly .......xvi. 5, 20
Acknowledged recognized .. .xv. 15, 18
Acquire receive, U ...........ix. 51, 8
Acquittal liberty, U .........xlv. 20, 41
Actual real...............xxiv. 8, 27
Ad (prefix) -journ, M.........xxv. 4, 28
Adapted }
Adopted } U ................xxiii. 23, 26
Adequate commensurate ... .xv. 47, 20 Adieu farewell good-bye .... xxii. 8, 25
Adjoining contiguous.......xv. 30, 19
Adjourn prorogue..........xix. 15, 22
Administer contribute.....xiv. 9, 16
Admitted received.........xxii. 17, 25
Advancement progression ... 16, 6
Advantage benefit........xxii. 6, 25
Affirmation oath, U ...... . xxvi. 7, 28
Affirmed sworn, U.........xlii. 35, 40
Affront insult..............xv. 41, 19
Ages generations........ .xxxi. 18, 36
Ages periods..............xiii. 26, 14
Agreement contract ....... xvii. 15, 21
Agreement covenant .......xv. 10, 18
Agreements compacts ........xx. 11, 23
Alliteration, M..............xlix. 68, 43
Also likewise ............. xxv. 2, 27
Alter change ............... xv. 4, 18
Altered changed ............xx. 20, 24
Amicable friendly .......... xv. 39, 19
Among between, U, ... xxxi. 5, 36
Analyze, M..................... 4, 6
Angry offended...........xxiii. 27, 26
Annihilation destruction.. .xxi. 26, 24 Ap (prefix) -propriations, M. xxv. 25, 28 Apportioned distributed. ..xxiv. 7, 27
Apprehended feared.......xviii. 13, 21
Apprised }
Apprized } U................xvii. 2, 20
Arms weapons..........xxviii. 9, 31
Art science................xiii. 88, 16
Article, S.................xxvii. 3, 29
Asbestos, M...............xxvii. 32, 26
Assemble meet..........xxviii. 38, 32
Assembly convocation .... xviii. 16, 21
Attainder, M..............xxvii. 8, 29
Authority power strength.. 20, 6 Authorizing empowering.. .xvi. 12, 20
Les. Q. P.
Avow declare..............xxi. 6, 24
Axioms self-evident truths xxii. 25, 25 Aye, M., ............. .....xxix. 50, 35
Baffled defeated ......... . xviii. 17, 21
Bail security............xxviii. 28, 32
Ballot ticket............xxviii. 39, 32
Banner flag.............. .xxxi. 33, 37
Bargains contracts........xvii. 10, 21
Basis foundation...........xx. 13, 23
Bear carry.................. xvi. 11, 20
Before preceding, (phrases
syn. to)................xxii, 1, 25
Behavior conduct ........ . xxiv. 14, 27
Beneath under.............xv. 35, 19
Benefit advantage......... xxii. 6, 25
Bestow confer............ xxix. 37, 35
Between among, U. ..... .xxxi. 5, 36 Bill of attainder ex post
facto law.............xxxiv. 8, 38
Bliss felicity..............xxix. 48, 35
Book of laws code ..........xii. 112, 14
Borne supported ........... .xviii. 25, 22
Brands swords.. ..........xxix. 49, 35
Breach of the peace felony xxiv. 18, 27 Break the seals of open . xxviii. 42, 33 Brethren }
Brothers }................xxi. 44, 24.
Business concerns........ ... .xvi., 8, 20
But, (dif. parts of speech). ..xliii. 36, 40 By degrees gradually, (phrase
syn. to)...................xxii. 10, 25
Calculated }
Computed }.............xxix. 47, 35
Called named ...........xvii. 13, 21
Carry bear.................... xvi 11, 20
Case S .......................xiii. 31, 14
Catalogues lists . ......xxviii. 40, 32
Cause reason..........xxviii. 22, 32
Cede surrender.............xv. 27, 19
Celebrated illustrious ......... xiv. 28, 17
Ceremony form. .......... xiv. 39, 18
Change alter ............ xv. 4, 18
Changed altered ............. xx. 20, 24
Changes vicissitudes ....... . xvii. 17, 21
Charge office .................. xxiv. 20, 27
Choice option ................ xv. 28, 19
Chosen elected ........... ..... xxi 25, 24
Chosen selected .............. .xxiv. 6, 27
Christendom (its old M.) .......x. 1, 8
Chronological, M.. ................ix. 30, 8
Circumscribed restricted ... . xv. 12, 18
12 INDEX.
Les. Q P
Circumstantial minute .. . xv. 38, 19
Citizen subject..........xxxvi 14, 38
Citizens denizens........ xxxi. 31, 37
Citizens people........... xiii 48, 15
Civil code, M............. xii 103, 14
Claim, S ............... xxvii 12, 29
Claims rights.......... xii 110, 14
Class order.............xxiv. 10, 27
Class order rank....... xv 44, 19
Client patron, U.......... xliii. 41, 40
Closing } .......xvii. 20, 21
Concluding }
Coalescence union......... xv 17, 18
Code book of laws...... xii. 112, 14
Columbia (whence derived) .. xxx. 2, 35
Com (prefix) -pose.....xii. 56, 13
Commensurate adequate ... xv. 47, 20 Comments observations .. . xxix. 20, 34 Commonwealth state... xxviii. 35, 32 Compacts agreements ..... ... xx. 11, 23 Compensation remuneration
xxviii 18, 31
Compile, M..............xxii. 3, 25
Complete perfect..........xxix; 29, 34
Compose }
Constitute }.................xii. 111, 114
Con (prefix) -sequently and -tracts,
M xii. 36, 12
Concerns business...... xvi. 8, 20
Conceit those measures (syn.
phrase to) ........... xxii. 11, 25
Concurrence }
Consent } .............xxiv. 15, 27
Conduct behaviour.. .. xxiv. 14, 27 Confederation union .... . xxvii. 13, 30
Confer bestow...........xxix 37, 35
Confidence trust.......... xlvi 29, 42
Confirm establish ...... xxiv 4, 27
Conquered vanquished. xiv 26, 17 Consecrated devoted .. xxxi, 12, 36 Consecrated hallowed .... xxix. 44, 35 Considered regarded ... xix ... 7, 22 Constant perpetual. . . xiv. 11, 17 Constitution (whence deriv.) xxix. 2, 34
Constitution S.........xxix 3, 34
Contempt disdain ..... xx. 9, 23
Contentions dissensions... xxx, 13, 35
Contested disputed .......xv. 7, 18
Contiguous adjoining .... xv, 30, 19 Continuance }
Continuation } .............. xxiv 21, 27 Contract agreement ..... xvii. 15, 21
Contracts bargains .......xvii 10, 21
Contribute administer....... xiv. 9, 16
Controversy dispute .......xiv. 18, 17
Conventions }
Convocations }...............xxvii 27, 30 Convocations meetings ... xviii. 29, 22 Convocation assembly... xviii. 16, 21
Correctly accurately.......xvi. 5, 20
Counsel lawyers ....... xlv. 21, 41
Countenance encourage. .. xvi. 6, 20 Countenanced sanctioned .... xv. 3, 18
Country land.............xxviii 33, 30
Course series ..... . ..... xxix. 25, 34 Covenant agreement .... xv. 10, 18 Cradle dwelling place, U. . . xlvi. 16, 42 Crime misdemeanor......xxviii. 21, 31
Les. Q. P. Crown-lands public domain, U.
xxii. 5, 25
Custom usage.............. xv. 31, 19
Customs practices .........xxix. 26, 34
Customs usages...........xiv. 20, 17
Cut tear, U................xlvi. 32, 42
Danger jeopardy ..........xxviii 17, 31
Dealings traffic ............. xvii 9, 21
Debate speech ................ xxiv. 19, 27 Declare avow ............. . xxi. 6, 24
Declare proclaim ..........xvi. 15, 20
Declined refused.......... xvii. 12, 21
Deeds, S................... xii. 32, 12
Defeated baffled...........xviii 17, 21
Defective imperfect ....... xxix. 35, 35 Defence (two ways to spell), xlv, 37, 41 Definition synonym, U........... 10, 6 Degree, S ................. xiv. 10, 17 Demand requirement .............. xv. 46, 20 Demoniacs possessed persons
xlvi. 11, 42
Denizens citizens ............ xxxi. 31, 37 Denoted signified ............... x. 35, 9 Depredation robbery ..... ..xv. 23, 19 Deputize (an Americanism). .xiii. 82, 16
Design object ..............xlii, 14, 40
Destroy }
Dissolve } ................xxi. 5, 24
Destruction annihilation ... xxi. 26, 24 Destruction ruin ............. ix 13, 7 Destruction ruin ........... xxxvi. 15, 38 Detests abhors ............ xlvi. 44, 42 Developing elevating strength-
ening, U................. 11, 6
Devises wills ............... xii. 108, 14
Devoted consecrated . ........ xxxi. 12, 36
Dictate proscribe ........ . xiv. 37, 18
Different }
Dissimilar }.............. x. 38, 9
Different several ........... xxvii. 23, 30 Difficulties obstacles ....... xxix. 38, 35 Dignity honor ......... xiv. 42, 18 Dis (prefix) -approved, M .... xxv. 6, 28 Discoveries inventions ...... xii. 105, 14 Discretion judgment ........... . xv. 26, 19 Disdain contempt ........ xx. 9, 23 Disparity inequality ......... xiv. 1, 16 Display exhibit .......... xv. 8, 18 Disposed inclined ............. xiii. 26, 14 Dispute controversy ....... xiv. 18, 17
Disputed contested ......... xv. 7, 18
Disregard slight .............. xiv 19, 17
Dissensions contentions xxx 13, 35 Dissensions quarrels xxx 15, 35
Distant foreign, U ..... xxviii 36, 32 Distinct separate x 36, 9
Distributed apportioned xxiv 7, 27
Disturb interrupt....... xxx 8, 35
Disunited }
Divided } ..............x. 45, 9
Done made............xxvii 39, 30
Drawing, S ............... xii 32, 12
Due right ............xiii 26, 14
Duties taxes..........xxxiii 36, 37
Duty service......... xxviii 16, 31
Dwelling place cradle, U. xlvi. 16, 42
INDEX. 13
Each }
Every } .................. xxx. 17, 36
Educators, M ...................
Elected chosen............xxi. 25, 24
Elevated raised ........... xxix. 34, 34
Elevating developing strengthening, U ................ 11, 6
Emergency }
Exigency } ................xvi. 3, 20
Emoluments salaries .......xxi. 33, 24
Emphasis
Emphasis pause tone...... 21, 6
Employ use...........xv. 25, 19
Empowering authorizing .. . xvi. 12, 20
Enacted made .............xiii. 48, 15
Encompassing surrounding ... xvii. 1, 20
Encourage countenance ... .xvi. 6, 20
Ends objects ...............xiv. 41, 18
Enemies foes............. xxi. 54, 25
Engagements, S.............xii 32, 12
Engrossed, S.............xxiii. 3, 25
Enormous vast ...........xvi. 18, 20
Enviable, (whence derived, and
how used) ............. ix. 49, 8
Envy jealousy............xviii 23, 22
Equably }
Equally } ..................xiv. 40, 18
Equal uniform............xiv. 34, 17
Essay treatise............... 23, 6
Establish confirm.........xxiv. 4, 27
Evasion subterfuge......... xv. 20, 18
Evident manifest..........xvi. 17, 20
Examples instances.......xviii. 10, 21
Excises imposts ...... xxxiii. 37, 37
Excite incite.............. 18, 6
Executives pardoning power,
U .................xlv. 28, 41
Exhibit display ............xv. 8, 18
Existing subsisting......xviii. 11, 21
Experience trial ..........xx. 16, 23
Exports imports, U . ....... xxv. 28, 28
Ex post facto law bill of at-
tainder, U .........xxxiv. 8, 38
Extending suppressing, U .. .. vi. 2, 4
Faculties M ................ 12, 6
Faithful true .........xlvi. 35, 42
Famous renowned ........... xiv. 22, 17
Farewell adieu good-bye xxii. 8, 25
Feared apprehended ......xviii. 13, 21
Felicity bliss ..........xxix. 48, 35
Felony breach of the peace ... xxiv. 18, 27
Fixed permanent ......xii 106, 14
Flag banner ..........xxxi. 33, 37
Foes enemies ...........xxi. 54, 25
Foreign distant, U..... xxviii. 36, 32
Forgive pardon . xlvi. 5, 41
Form S.......xix. 9, 22
Forms, S .........xii 32, 12
Form ceremony...........xiv 39, 18
Form system ...... xix. 10, 22
Foundation basis ......xx 13, 23
Freedom liberty .. .. xxviii 5, 31
Friendly amicable . ... xv 39, 19
Fruitful prolific ...... xiv 24, 17
Fulcrum prop ........ xlviii 49, 43
Furnished provided...... xv. 33, 19
Les. Q. P.
General excellency humanity,
U.....................xlv. 25, 41
Generations ages.........xxxi. 18, 36
Glaive, M.................. . . xxix. 51, 35
Glaring notorious.........xxii. 23, 25
Governed ruled .... xiii. 48, 15
Government, M..............ix. 14, 7
Government, S............... ix. 15, 7
Good-bye adieu farewell xxii. 8, 25 Gradually by degrees, (phrase
syn. to) ...............xxii. 10, 25
Grandeur magnificence .. xv. 50, 20
Greatest largest ....... xxviii. 13, 33
Grievances wrongs ... xxviii. 8, 31
Guns muskets.........xxxviii. 22, 38
Had, S ................. xxii. 12, 25
Hallowed consecrated.....xxix. 44, 35
Harbors ports............. xv 37, 19
Hidden latent ............xxix. 21, 34
History account..........xiii 20, 14
Honor dignity..........xiv 42, 18
Host, S .............x 54, 9
Humanity general excellency,
U.....................xlv. 25, 41
Ignorant }
Illiterate }..................xiv. 2, 16
Illegal unjust ............xlv. 50, 41
Illustrious celebrated.....xiv. 28, 17
Im (prefix) -portant, M .......xii 21, 12
Im (prefix) -punity, M......xliv. 37, 41
Imperfect defective.......xxix 35, 35
Imports exports, U........ xxv. 28, 28
Imposing obtruding .......xxi. 37, 24
Imposts excises ........xxxiii. 37, 37
In (prefix) -formed and -flicted,
M .. .......xii. 63, 13
In (prefix) -habitants, M ...xii. 50, 12
In (prefix) -secure, &c , M xliv. 38, 41
Incite excite .......... 18, 6
Inclined disposed ....... xiii. 26, 14
Independent (whence deriv.) . xxx. 9, 35
Indians savages ..... xviii 14, 21
Indictment presentment .. xliii. 5, 40
Ineffectually }
In vain } (phras. syn. to) xxii 20, 25
Inequality disparity .. . xiv 1, 16
Infallible unerring.....xiii. 2, 14
Infirmity weakness ...xiii 26, 14
Infringement (whence deriv. ) xix 5, 22
Inhabitants people ..... xxviii 33, 32
Inheritance legacy .... xxxi . 3, 36
Inheritances patrimonies xii. 107, 14
Injure }
Impair }...................xv. 18, 18
Inoffending unoffending.....xv. 21, 19
Instances examples .......xviii, 10, 21
Instructed taught .............xiv. 25, 17
Instrument, S...........xxiii. 21, 26
Instrument tool..... ......xxi 38, 24
Insult affront ........ xv. 41, 19
Insurrections rebellious.... xxv. 16, 28
Insurrections riots ........ xxxiii. 74, 38
Intellectual moral ............... 15, 6
Intention purpose ..... .... xxiv 12, 27
Inter (prefix) -national, M .. .xiv 14, 17
Interrupt disturb .......... .xxx. 8, 35
2
14 INDEX.
Les. Q. P.
Inventions discoveries......xii. 105, 14
Italics, M..................... 1, 2
Jealousy envy........... .xviii. 23. 22
Jeopardy danger.........xxviii. 17, 31
Judgment discretion.. .......xv. 26, 19
Junes voters, Q.............xlv. 17, 41
Juryman, M................See page 242
Kept retained...............xx. 18, 23
Kingly regal..............xviii. 20, 22
Land country............. xxvii. 33, 30
Largest greatest .........xxviii. 43, 33
Lasting permanent......,xvii. 28, 22
Latent hidden............. xxix, 21, 34
Law, S.......... ............. xxvii. 5, 29
Law rule................xxviii. 3, 31
Laws statutes .............xiii. 48, 15
Laws statutes.......... xxvii. 30, 30
Lawyers counsel .......... .xlv. 21, 41
Leave permission.......... xv. 36, 19
Legacy inheritance . .... ... xxxi. 3, 36
Liberty acquittal, U....... xlv. 26, 41
Liberty freedom ......... xxviii. 5, 31
Light trivial........... ...xxi. 16, 24
Like similar..............xviii. 26, 22
Likewise also............ xxv. 2, 27
Lists catalogues.........xxviii. 40, 32
Literary scientific, U......... 22, 6
Loyalty, M..................xix. 19, 23
Made done...............xxvii. 39, 30
Made enacted ..............xiii. 48, 15
Magistrate priest, U.......xii. 62, 13
Magna Charta, M...........xlvi. 20, 42
Magnificence grandeur......xv. 50, 20
Main, (in opposite senses). .xxix. 42, 35
Main ocean..............xxix. 41, 35
Manifest evident...........xvi. 17, 20
Manner }
Mode } ..................xxiv. 13, 27
Manner way ............xxviii. 12, 31
Matters resolutions, Q .. .xxiii. 14, 26
May, S...................xix. 2, 22
Meaning signification ....xxix. 18, 34
Meet assemble..........xxviii. 38, 32
Meetings conventions ....xviii. 29, 22
Memento }
Monument } ..................xxiii. 25, 26
Method }
Mode } ...................xiv. 38, 18
Metonomy, M.............. 13, 6
Minute circumstantial ..... xv. 38, 19
Misdemeanor crime .... xxviii. 21, 31
Model pattern........... .xxx. 4, 35
Modern recent...........xiv. 32, 17
Modulation emphasis....... 21, 6
Monarchs sovereigns....... xv. 6, 18
Monolith obelisk ........ xxxi. 39, 37
Moral intellectual.......... 15, 6
Moral ......... 15, 6
Moslems Turks........ .. .xlvi. 10, 42
Motives principles.........xvi. 20, 20
Multitudes swarms.... .xviii. 22, 22
Muskets guns..........xxxviii. 22, 38
Mutual reciprocal.......... xv. 43, 19
Les. Q. P.
Named called ................ xvii. 13, 21
Necessary requisite........ xii. 44, 12
Necessity }
Need } .................... xii. 104, 14
Need want ..................xiii. 26, 14
Nevertheless }
Notwithstanding } ............ xxvii. 35, 30
Nobles peers ..............xxxi. 22, 36
Notorious glaring . ....... xxii. 23, 25
Oath Affirmation ......... xxvi. 7, 28
Obelisk monolith ......... xxxi. 39, 37 Object design ..............xlii, 14, 40
Objects ends ................ xiv. 41, 18
Observations comments ... xxix. 20, 34 Obstacles difficulties ............xxix. 38, 35 Obtain procure . ................ xvi. 14, 20 Obtruding imposing .. ........ .xxi. 37, 24
Ocean main .................. .xxix. 41, 35
Ocean sea ......... ....... xxxi. 10, 36
Offended angry ............. xxiii. 27, 26 Officer charge .............xxiv, 20, 27
On upon ................xxviii, 44, 33
Open, S .............. ......xxvii. 9..29
Open break the seals of . .. xxviii. 42, 33
Option choice............... xv. 28, 19
Or (affix) elect , M. ....... . xxvi. 2, 28 Orally, M ..................... 9, 6
Order class..............xxiv. 10, 27
Order class rank ..........xv. 44, 19
Outline sketch....... ...... xxii. 2, 25
Ownership property ....... xii. 109, 14
Palladium, M ..............xxix. 27, 34
Panel }
Pannel } ...........xlii. 27, 40
Paragraph sentence, U ........ 23, 6
Pardon forgive ............ xlvi. 5, 41 Pardoning power executives,
U......................xlv. 28, 41
Part }
Portion }...... .....xxvii. 25, 30
Passed }
Propounded }.............. xxiii. 19, 26
Patrimonies inheritances ... xii. 107, 14
Patron client, U...........xliii. 41, 40
Pattern model.............. xxx. 4, 35
Pause emphasis tone, M.. . 21, 6
Peace quiet .......... ... ..xxviii. 11, 31
Peace tranquillity .......... xii. 102, 14
Peace tranquillity......... xiv. 33, 17
Peers nobles. ............. xxxi. 22, 36
People citizens........... xiii. 48, 15
People inhabitants..... xxviii 33, 32
People populace........ xxii 24, 25
Perceived seen ...........xxix 30, 34
Perfect complete .......xxix 29, 34
Perfidious treacherous..... xiv. 29, 17
Periods ages .............xiii 26, 14
Permanent fixed...........xii. 106, 14
Permanent lasting....... xviii. 28, 22
Permission leave......... xv. 36, 19
Perpetual constant........ xiv. 11, 17
Pillaged }
Plundered }.................xxi. 43, 24
Place spot ...............xxiv. 16, 27
Poetry verse...............xii. 57, 13
Ponder reflect..........xxix. 45, 35
INDEX. 15
Les. Q P
Ports harbors ............ xv. 37, 19
Possessed persons demoniacs
xlvi. 11, 42
Potent }
Powerful } ...............xxix. 23, 34
Power authority strength. iii. 20, 2
Power strength............xiv. 35, 18
Powers, S................... 20, 6
Practices customs......xxix. 26, 34
Pre (prefix) -scribe, M......xiii 13, 14
Preamble (whence derived) xxix. 8, 34
Preamble, S...............xxix. 9, 34
Preceding before (phrases syn.
to)..................xxii. 1, 25
Precepts }
Principles } .................xv. 2, 18
Prejudice, M................... 3, 4
Preparing, S..............xxiii. 16, 26
Prerequisite qualification, U.
xxvii. 37, 30
Prescribe dictate...........xiv. 37, 18
Presence sight, U,.......xxviii. 41, 32
Presentment indictment ..xliii. 5, 40
Pretences }
Pretexts } ................xx. 3, 23
Priest magistrate, U.......xii. 62, 13
Principles, S...............xix 4, 22
Principles motives ........xvi. 20, 20
Pro (prefix) -vide, M.........xxv. 9, 28
Proceeding }
Process }.............xxviii. 23, 32
Proclaim declare...........xvi. 15, 20
Procure obtain............xvi. 14, 20
Progression advancement.... 16, 6
Prolific fruitful............xiv. 24, 17
Prop fulcrum............xlviii. 49, 43
Proper right.............xxix. 32, 34
Property ownership........xii. 109, 14
Prorogue adjourn......... .xix. 15, 22
Prosecute }
Pursue } .................xv. 40, 19
Prosperity welfare ....... xxiv. 5, 27
Provided furnished ..........xv. 33, 19
Prudence wisdom.........xxxi. 21, 36
Public domain crown-lands,
U .................xxii. 5, 25
Purpose intention ........xxi v. 12, 27
Purpose sake..............xv. 22, 19
Qualification prerequisite,
U..................xxvii 37, 30
Quarrels dissensions.......xxx. 15, 35
Quick speedy...........xxviii. 20, 31
Quiet peace ......... xxviii. 11, 31
Quit relinquish............xiv. 4, 16
Raised elevated ........xxix 34, 34
Rank class order........ xv 44, 19
Rational }
Reasonable } .........xxix. 40, 35
Re (prefix) -consider, M. ... xxv. 3, 28
Real actual.............xxiv. 8, 27
Reason cause......xxviii. 22, 32
Rebellions insurrections .xxv 16, 28
Receive acquire, U.......ix 51, 8
Received admitted ...... xxii 17, 25
Recent modern .......xiv 32, 17
Recess absence, U.....xxvi 11, 28
Les. Q. P.
Reciprocal mutual ....... . xv. 43, 19
Recognized acknowledged .. xv. 15, 18
Recorded }
Registered }..................xiv. 30, 37
Redress }
Relief } ..................xxi. 51, 25
Reflect ponder...... .....xxix. 45, 35
Refused declined..........xvii. 12, 21
Regal kingly ............xviii 20, 22
Regard }
Respect }..................xiv. 23, 17
Regarded considered . .....xix. 7, 22
Relinquish quit.......... .xiv. 4, l6
Remuneration compensation
xxviii. 18, 31
Renewed }
Revived }.................xvii. 5, 21
Renowned famous.........xiv. 22, 17
Repeatedly (phrases syn. to) . .xx. 24, 21
Repose }
Rest }...................xxx. 7, 35
Representatives senate, Q. xxiii 22, 26
Requirement demand .... ..xv. 46, 20
Requisite necessary........xii 44, 12
Resolutions matters, Q, .... xxiii. 14, 26
Restrained }
Restricted }.................xx. 14, 23
Restrainment suppression. ..xx. 7, 23
Restricted circumscribed ... .xv. 12, 18
Retained kept..............xx. 18, 23
Revered venerated.........xx. 22, 24
Revolutionary transitional,
U......................xxii. 9, 25
Right, S....................xix. 16, 23
Right due.................xiii. 23, 14
Right proper............xxix. 32, 34
Rights claims...............xii. 110, 14
Rigorously strictly.........xiii. 26, 14
Riots insurrections .....xxxiii. 74, 38
Robbery depredation........xv. 23, 19
Ruin destruction ...........ix. 13, 7
Ruin destruction.......xxxvi 15, 38
Rule law ..............xxviii 3, 31
Ruled governed............xiii. 48, 15
Sabbath, M.................xii. 9, 11
Sacredness (whence derived) xii 33, 12
Safe }
Secure }.................xxx. 5, 35
Sake purpose ..............xv. 22, 19
Salaries emoluments......xxi. 33, 21
Sanction }
Support }...................xv. 11, 18
Sanctioned countenanced . .. xv. 3, 18
Savages Indians.......... xviii.. 11, 21
Scholar 13, 6
School (words derived from) ... 13, 6
Science art ........ .....xiii. 88, 16
Scientific literary, U.......... 22, 6
Sea ocean ..............xxxi. 10, 36
Seasons times ......... xv. 49, 20
Security bail ............ xxviii. 28, 32
Seen perceived ........ xxix. 30, 34
Self-evident truths axioms xxii 25, 25
Semi (prefix) -barbarous, M xiii. 9, 14
Senate representatives, Q xxiii 22, 26
Sentence paragraph, U....... 23, 6
16 INDEX.
Les Q. P.
Sentient (whence derived) ... 17, 6
Separate distinct ............x. 36, 9
Sept tribe ...............xxxi 14, 36
Series course............. xxix 25, 34
Service duty............xxviii. 16, 31
Several different.........xxvii. 23, 30
Several various............x. 37, 9
Sheep, Q ..................xlv. 23, 41
Sheriff, M...............xlii. 24, 40
Ships vessels...............xv 32, 19
Sight presence, U.....xxviii 41, 32
Signification meaning . . xxix, 18 34
Signified denoted......... . x. 35, 9
Similar like ...........xviii 26, 22
Sketch outline............xxii. 2, 25
Slight disregard........... xiv, 19, 17
Societies, M............... xiii. 3, 14
Soil, S.................... xx. 25, 24
Sovereigns monarchs......xv. 6, 18
Speech debate..........xxiv 19, 27
Speedy quick............xxviii. 20, 31
Spot place ............xxiv. 16, 27
State commonwealth ... .xxviii. 35, 32
States, M. . . ........... xiii. 8, 14
Status quo, Q................xv, 13, 18
Statutes laws... ......... xiii. 48, 15
Statutes laws...........xxvii, 30, 30
Step, M....................xii. 76, 13
Step (prefix) -father, M.......xii. 77, 13
Story, S ....................ix. 28, 7
Strength authority power .. 20, 6
Strength power...........xiv, 35, 18
Strengthening developing
elevating, U.............. 11, 6
Strictly rigorously........ .xiii. 26, 14
Subject, S.................vii. 3, 6
Subject citizen..........xxxvi. 14, 38
Subsisting existing.......xviii. 11, 21
Subterfuge evasion.........xv. 20, 18
Supported borne..........xviii. 25, 22
Suppressing extending, U.. ... 2, 4
Suppression restrainment .. xx. 7, 23
Surrender cede........... xv. 27, 19
Surrounding encompassing xvii. 1, 20
Swarms multitudes.......xviii. 22, 22
Swords brands ......... . xxix. 49, 35
Sworn affirmed, U........xlii. 35, 40
Synonym definition, U........ 10, 6
System form.............. xix. 10, 22
Talesmen, M ..............xliv. 42, 41
Taught instructed .........xiv. 25, 17
Taxes duties..........xxxiii. 36, 37
Tear cut U................xlvi. 32, 42
Temporary }
Transient }............. . xxiv. 11, 27
Term word................xvi. 2, 20
Testimony witness......xxvii. 41, 30
That, Q .................xliv. 30, 41
Ticket ballot...........xxviii. 39, 32
Times seasons ............ xv. 40, 20
Tion (affix) capita-, M......xxv. 23, 28
Tone emphasis pause, M. .. 21, 6
Les. Q. P.
Tool instrument ...........xxi. 38, 24
Traffic dealings...........xvii. 9, 21
Tranquillity peace......... xii. 102, 14
Tranquillity peace....... xlv. 33, 17
Trans (prefix) -mitted, M ... xii, 58, 13 Transitional revolutionary, U,
xxii. 9, 25
Treacherous perfidious.... xiv. 29, 17
Treatise essay ,.............. 23, 6
Trial experience............xx. l6, 23
Tribe sept ...............xxxi 14, 36
Trivial light ..............xxi. 16, 24
True faithful............ xlvi 35, 42
Trust confidence........ xlvi. 29, 42
Turks Moslems ..........xlvi. 10, 42
Ty (affix) notorie, M.......xii. 25, 12
Un (prefix}, M............ .. .xii, 114, 14
Un (prefix) -aided, M.........xii 113, 14
Under beneath ..............xv. 35, 19
Unerring infallible. ........ xiii. 2, 14
Uniform equal.......... .. xiv, 34, 17
Union coalescence........ . xv. 17, 18
Union confederation . .... xxvii. 13, 30
Unjust illegal .... ....... . xlv. 50, 41
Unoffending inoffending ... .xv. 21, 19
Upon on ...................xxviii 44, 33
Usage custom ...............xv. 31, 19
Usages custom ............ .xiv. 20, 17
Use employ................xv. 25, 19
Validity, S...................xii. 32, 12
Vanquished conquered .....xiv. 26, 17
Various several ............. x. 37, 9
Vast enormous ............xvi. 18, 20
Venerated revered ..........xx. 22, 24
Verse poetry ............... xii. 57, 13
Vessels ships .. ............xv. 32, 19
Vetoed, M. ... .............xiii. 63, 15
Vice (prefix), M............ xxvi. 16, 28
Vice, S...................xxvi. 17, 28
Vicissitudes Changes ......xvii. 17, 21
Voice }
Vote }...................xxiv. 9, 27
Voters juries, Q............xiv. 17, 41
Want need............... .xiii. 26, 14
Way manner ... ..... .xxviii 12, 31
Weakness infirmity..... xiii 26, 14
Weapons arms....... xxviii 9, 31
Welfare prosperity . . . xxiv 5, 27
Wills devises ........ xii 108, 14
Wisdom prudence . .. xxxi 21, 36
Witness testimony. xxvii 41, 30
Word term .... . xvi. 2, 20
Work, S . ... 2, 6
Writ of error Q .... xxxix 15, 39
Wrongs abuses U xxi. 17, 24
Wrongs grievances . . xxviii 8. 31
THE
AMERICAN MANUAL.
LESSON I.
THE design of the right-hand column of words (See LESSON 7.) is to render the school-room a place of intense interest, enchaining the mind of the pupil by gradual and constant exercise of all the intellectual faculties; for, like the body, the more the mind is properly exercised the stronger it becomes. When the right-hand column is used as a spelling lesson, and the teacher gives out any word, it is intended that the word in the same line indicated by the figure 1 shall be spelled in its place. For example when the teacher pronounces book, the pupil will spell work when primary, the pupil will spell elementary when lessons for practice, the pupil will spell exercises and when writers, the pupil will spell authors. Again, when the teacher pronounces work, the scholar will spell book when elementary, the scholar will spell primary when exercises, the scholar will spell lessons for practice when authors, the scholar will spell writers. It is obvious that by this plain not a word can be spelled without "waking up the mind" of the scholar. The pupil spells and learns the meaning of two words in every line, and eventually forms the habit of observing how every word read is spelled, or, in other words, learns to spell every word in the language correctly; and, what is more, not only learns the meaning of every word, but also the nice shades of difference between words generally used as synonymous with each other. Youth thus enter with zest on the study of their mother tongue, and each day brings increasing delight in tracing the beauties and following out the philosophy of language, in which all the business of life is transacted, effectually fitting the student for the real practical duties of the world.
In order to enliven the class, train the pupils to think quick, and to rivet their attention the teacher may occasionally give them the marginal words to spell by letter. Thus, the teacher pronounces work, Susan begins, B, Mary instantly follows, OO, then Jane, K, and Harriet pronounces the word; and so on down the column and
2*
(17)
18 INTRODUCTION.
through the class. It will be advisable for those who use the Manual as a reading book to take but one feature at a time, and to omit the questions till the pupils are perfectly familiar with the marginal exercises.
It cannot be too often repeated, that the great object has been to discipline the mind, to give the pupil an accurate command of language; and hence, the word found in the margin is often not the easiest or the plainest one that might have been given. For example (see page 83), ken, 18th marginal line; also (page 111) coterie, 33d marginal line, and moderator, 49th marginal line.
Some words in the right-hand column are definitions, some synonyms, and some neither definitions nor synonyms, but phrases or expressions that convey a similar idea to the mind. Hence, the pupil in properly using this book must reason, investigate, and reflect ; the attention thus aroused in school will accompany the pupil through life, and in the place of stupidity, sluggishness, and a distaste for intellectual pursuits, an acute intellect and polished mind will be formed which will adorn the possessor, and! bless society to the end of time.
It is believed that pupils who properly use this book will acquire attentive habits, desire for study, and patient investigation, which will fit them in after life to be the solace and pride of their families, and the ornaments of society.
LESSON II.
Another excellent feature of the marginal exercises is, that youths gradually train the eye to look in advance of the word they; are pronouncing. For example, when the scholar pronounces schools, the first word in the third line of Lesson 7., the eye glances forward to the end of the line in order to bring.in the meaning of exercises, the word indicated by the figure 1. The eye thus accustomed to reach in advance of the words being pronounced, the pupil is enabled to articulate the difficult words that occur in the course of reading, without the least hesitancy. Hence, a habit of reading fluently is acquired at the same time youth are obtaining a command of language. Educators will find it well frequently to call the attention of the young to the great variety of meanings the same word may have, owing to its connexion with the sentence in which it is placed. Thus work, the second
INTRODUCTION. 19
word in the first line of Lesson 7., is used in the sense of book, but it may have ten different significations. See Lesson 8., Question 2 Page 6 Appendix. Teachers who properly use the marginal column will soon find the eyes of their pupils beaming with joy, as their minds expand by the use of the marginal exercises. The pupil should so study the lesson as not to make the slightest halt in substituting the meaning for the word indicated by the figure 1. For backward or dull scholars, it will be well for the teacher to simplify the answers in the Appendix. For example, Question 2, of Lesson 8., in the Appendix may be elucidated more in full, 'thus: (see Ques. 2. Les. 8.) first in the sense of BOOK, as the work is well written; that is, the book is well written. Second, in the sense of LABOR, as he is at work; that is, he is at labor. Third, in the sense of MANAGE, as work out your own salvation; that is, manage your own salvation. Fourth, in the sense of OPERATE, as the principle works well; that is, the principle operates well. Fifth.. in the sense of BECOME, as the cogs work loose by friction; that is, they become loose by friction. Sixth, in the sense of FERMENT, as malt liquors work; that is, they ferment. Seventh, in the sense of REMOVE, as the plaster works out of place; that is, the plaster is removed out of place. Eighth, in the sense of KNEAD, as the young ladies, Bridget, Elizabeth, and Louisa, work pastry: that is, the young ladies knead pastry. Tenth, in the sense of EMBROIDER, as (he young ladies, Jane, Susan, and Harriet, work purses; that is, they embroider purses. For backward or dull scholars it would probably be best for the teacher to omit the questions in the book entirely, and give them a few easy oral ones; and for those advanced it will be well to vary the exercise and make it more difficult. By taking again Question 2, Lesson I., the advanced pupil would give something like the following answer. First, in the sense of BOOK, as my mother purchased the work. Second, in the sense of LABOR, as John is at work, &c.
It frequently occurs throughout the book that the best word for the text is found in the margin. In doing this, the author had a two-fold object; first, to exercise the judgment and discriminating powers of the pupils; second, it was often more convenient. For examples of this kind, see page 111, and the 38th line; COMMITTEE would be far preferable, both in brevity and style, to number of their body; PLAINTIFF, page 250, marginal line 149; REPLICATION, page 251, marg